PENGARUH PEMBERIAN MINUMAN ISOTONIK TERHADAP MEMORI PADA KEADAAN DEHIDRASI

Background: Sport is one of popular activities throughout the world. One of the biggest problems found among athletes in sports is dehydration, which causes many bad health issues for athletes themselves. The bad health issues caused by dehydration, several of them are disturbance and decrease of the memory. Therefore, rehydration is required to overcome the bad effects of dehydration. Aim: To know the effect of rehydration on memory Method: This research uses experimental method. The research subjects are the medical students of Diponegoro University (n=31) whom being dehydrated and rehydrated with isotonic water. Their memories are measured by using code and memory tests. A changing of memories among groups is analyzed with Kruskal Wallis and continued with Mann-Whitney test. Result: It is found that there is a decrease of memories after dehydrating condition rather than before dehydrating condition. Wilcoxon test shows an increase of memory function after rehydration which is significant in group of isotonic water rehydration (p=0,006) and mineral water rehydration (p=0,026).Otherwise, there is a significant ecrease of memory function in group of non-rehydration (p=0,035). Furthermore, the result of Kruskal Wallis shows the significant difference (p=0,022) in memory test among groups. Conclusion: Dehydration decreases memory function, while rehydration with isotonic and mineral water can significantly increase memory function. Keywords: Rehydration, dehydration, memory, isotonic water, mineral water *Undergraduate of Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University Semarang **Staff of Physiology Department Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University Semaran

HUBUNGAN ANTARA AKTIVITAS ASETILKOLINESTERASE DARAH DAN ARUS PUNCAK EKSPIRASI PETANI KENTANG DENGAN PAPARAN KRONIK PESTISIDA ORGANOFOSFAT

Latar Belakang: WHO memperkirakan bahwa sekitar satu sampai dua juta orang mengalami keracunan insektisida setiap tahun di seluruh dunia, dan dari jumlah ini hampir 220.000 orang meninggal dunia. Dilaporkan adanya prevalensi tinggi gejala pernapasan disertai menurunnya hasil tes fungsi paru di kalangan pekerja pertanian dengan paparan pestisida. Fungsi paru dapat dinilai salah satunya dengan arus puncak ekspirasi. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara aktivitas asetilkolinesterase darah dan arus puncak ekspirasi petani kentang dengan paparan kronik pestisida organofosfat. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan belah lintang. Sampel adalah 42 petani kentang dengan paparan kronik pestisida organofosfat di Desa Kepakisan, Kecamatan Batur, Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Pengambilan data berupa data karakteristik, data aktivitas asetilkolinesterase darah, dan data arus puncak ekspirasi responden menggunakan mini-Wright Peak Flow Meter. Uji statistik menggunakan uji Spearman dan uji chi-square. Hasil: Pada petani kentang dengan paparan kronik pestisida organofosfat didapatkan 45,24% petani mengalami keracunan ringan dan 47,62% petani menunjukkan APE yang tidak normal. Pada kelompok petani kentang yang mengalami keracunan ringan didapatkan 78,9% petani menunjukkan APE yang tidak normal. Pada uji Spearman didapatkan korelasi positif derajat rendah antara aktivitas asetilkolinesterase darah dan APE (r=0,32; p=0,04). Uji chi-square menunjukkan hubungan bermakna antara kategori aktivitas asetilkolinesterase darah dan kategori APE dengan rasio prevalensi 3,63 (p<0,001). Kesimpulan: Terdapat korelasi positif bermakna dengan derajat rendah antara aktivitas asetilkolinesterase darah dan arus puncak ekspirasi petani kentang dengan paparan kronik pestisida organofosfat. Kata Kunci: Pestisida, organofosfat, aktivitas asetilkolinesterase darah, arus puncak ekspirasi, AP

PERBANDINGAN PENGUKURAN PERSENTASE LEMAK TUBUH DENGAN PENGUKURAN SKINFOLD CALIPER DAN BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS (BIA)

Latar belakang: Pengukuran komposisi tubuh untuk perkiraan persentase lemak tubuh diantaranya dapat dilakukan dengan metode pengukuran skinfold dan Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). Kedua metode tersebut sama-sama merupakan metode yang mudah, aman, dan tidak invasif. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbandingan persentase lemak tubuh dengan pengukuran skinfold dan BIA. Metode: Penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Sampel diambil dan dipilih dengan cara simple randomize sampling. Data diperoleh langsung dari pengukuran pada sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Data presentase lemak tubuh diperoleh dengan pengukuran tebal lipatan bawah kulit (skinfold) dan Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). Perbandingan rerata persentase lemak tubuh dianalisis dengan uji t berpasangan. Hasil: diperoleh 30 sampel (15 laki-laki dan 15 perempuan mahasiswa FK Undip). Persentase lemak tubuh dengan skinfold caliper adalah 19,97 ±5,96(11-38) dan BIA 27,66±7(14-43). Uji statistik t test menunjukan p= 0,000. Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara pengukuran skinfold caliper dan BIA. Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan persentase lemak tubuh yang bermakna antara pengukuran skinfold caliper dan BIA. Kata kunci: Lemak tubuh. skinfold caliper, BI

Pengaruh Rehidrasi Dengan Minuman Isotonik Terhadap Waktu Reaksi (Studi Perbandingan Dengan Air Mineral)

Background: Reaction time is one of many physiological parameters which has an important role in daily activity. Being dehydrated by just 1-2% body mass loss impairs performance and reduces reaction time. Adequate rehydration is often suggested to prevent severe dehydration. One of many rehydration efforts is by consuming sports drinks.Aim: To investigate the effect of rehydration with sports drinks on reaction time.Methods: This research was true experimental study using 31 students of medical faculty Diponegoro University (22 men and 9 women) between the ages of 18 and 24 as research subjects. Their reaction time were measured by Attentional Network Test (ANT) before dehydration, after dehydration and after rehydration. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three rehydration groups: sports drinks, mineral water and without rehydration. The methodology to induce dehydration is a total of 5 km of running within 45 minutes.Results: Friedman test was observed there is mean reaction time reduction on subjects with sports drink rehydration (p=0,002). Significant difference in mean reaction time on subjects with sports drinks rehydration was noted at before dehydrated condition to after rehydrated condition (p=0,005). Meanwhile, there is no significant difference in mean reaction time between after dehydrated condition and after rehydrated condition on subjects with sports drinks rehydration (p=0,059). Kruskal-Wallis test showed no significant differences in mean reaction time after rehydration among three groups: sports drinks, mineral water and without rehydration (p=0,593).Conclusions: There was no significant reaction time difference before and after rehydration with sports drinks or mineral water

Hubungan Antara Gangguan Tidur Dengan Pertumbuhan Pada Anak Usia 3-6 Tahun Di Kota Semarang

Latar Belakang :Prevalensi gangguan pertumbuhan masih cukup besar. Salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan adalah faktor kelainan hormonal yang bisa dikarenakan oleh gangguan tidur. Sekitar 75% hormon pertumbuhan disintesis pada saat anak tidur, sehingga bila terjadi gangguan tidur pada anak maka hormon pertumbuhan akan terganggu. Tujuan : Menguji hubungan antara gangguan tidur dengan pertumbuhan pada anak usia 3-6 tahun di Kota Semarang.Metode : Penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain cross-sectional dilakukan pada periode Maret – Juni 2013.Subjek penelitian adalah orangtua anak yang memiliki anak berusia 3-6 tahun di beberapa TK/TPA dan PAUD di Kota Semarang. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan metode wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner SDSC serta pengukuran antropometri meliputi berat badan, tinggi badan, dan lingkar kepala pada anak. Uji statistik menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney.Hasil :Jumlah responden sebanyak 183 anak, terdiri atas 146 anak mengalami gangguan tidur. Dari hasil analisis didapatkan perbedaan bermakna pada rerata skor HAZ antara kelompok gangguan tidur dan tidak gangguan tidur(p=0,036). Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kedua kelompok pada rerata skor WAZ (p=0,244), Z-score IMT terhadap umur (p=0,855), dan Z-score lingkar kepala terhadap umur (p=0,389). Karakteristik data antara kedua kelompok menunjukkan perbedaanbermakna pada variabel usia, pendidikan terakhir ayah, dan status sosial ekonomi.Kesimpulan :Gangguan tidur pada anak berhubungan secara signifikan terhadap tinggi badan pada anak, namun tidak berhubungan secara signifikan pada berat badan, IMT, dan lingkar kepala pada anak

PENGARUH REHIDRASI DENGAN MINUMAN ISOTONIK TERHADAP WAKTU REAKSI (Studi Perbandingan dengan Air Mineral)

Background: Reaction time is one of many physiological parameters which has an important role in daily activity. Being dehydrated by just 1-2% body mass loss impairs performance and reduces reaction time. Adequate rehydration is often suggested to prevent severe dehydration. One of many rehydration efforts is by consuming sports drinks. Aim: To investigate the effect of rehydration with sports drinks on reaction time. Methods: This research was true experimental study using 31 students of medical faculty Diponegoro University (22 men and 9 women) between the ages of 18 and 24 as research subjects. Their reaction time were measured by Attentional Network Test (ANT) before dehydration, after dehydration and after rehydration. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three rehydration groups: sports drinks, mineral water and without rehydration. The methodology to induce dehydration is a total of 5 km of running within 45 minutes. Results: Friedman test was observed there is mean reaction time reduction on subjects with sports drink rehydration (p=0,002). Significant difference in mean reaction time on subjects with sports drinks rehydration was noted at before dehydrated condition to after rehydrated condition (p=0,005). Meanwhile, there is no significant difference in mean reaction time between after dehydrated condition and after rehydrated condition on subjects with sports drinks rehydration (p=0,059). Kruskal-Wallis test showed no significant differences in mean reaction time after rehydration among three groups: sports drinks, mineral water and without rehydration (p=0,593). Conclusions: There was no signicant reaction time difference before and after rehydration with sports drinks or mineral water. Keywords: Reaction time, sports drinks, dehydration, rehydratio

THE EFFECT OF CALISTHENIC EXERCISE ON LEG EXPLOSIVE POWER

Background: Physical fitness is a condition where the human body is able to perform daily activities without experiencing excessive fatigue. Physical exercise is one way to achieve physical fitness. Calisthenics is one of the strength exercises that utilize body weight as resistance to increase muscle strength. Previous research has shown that strength training can increase the explosive power of leg muscles measured through vertical jumps.Objective: Knowing the effect of calisthenic exercises on the explosive power of the leg muscles.Methods: Experimental research with quasi experimental design and methods of pre-test and post-test nonequivalent control group. The subjects were 37 active students of Diponegoro University, Semarang who were selected by purposive sampling and grouped into two groups. The control group without treatment (n=19), and the treatment group (n=18) were given calisthenic exercises for 6 weeks. The explosive power of the limb muscles was measured before and after the intervention with the vertical jump instrument and expressed as the vertical jump score (VJ score).Results: The results showed a significant increase in VJ score (p=0.030) in the treatment group compared to the control group. There was also a significant increase in VJ score (p<0.001) before and after the intervention in the treatment group.Conclusion: Calisthenic exercises for 6 weeks can increase muscle explosive power in the young adult age group

PENGARUH REHIDRASI DENGAN MINUMAN ISOTONIK TERHADAP ATENSI (Studi Perbandingan dengan Air Mineral)

Background: Attention is an act of applying mind to an object, in clear and vivid form, to deal with said object. There are three aspects of attention: alerting, orienting, and executive attention. Dehydration about 1-2% of body weight can impair cognitive function, attention is a case in point. Adequate rehydration is needed to prevent further effect of dehydration. One of the rehydration efforts is by drinking sports drink. Objective: To investigate the effect of rehydration using sports drink on attention. Method: This was true experimental research and the samples were students of Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University (n=31). The samples were randomly assigned into one of three groups: sports drink, mineral water, and without rehydration. The samples ran for 5 kilometers in 45 minutes to induce dehydration. The attention was measured using Attention Network Test software before being dehydrated, after being dehydrated and after being rehydrated. Results: There were improvement in alerting function in sports drink group from 64,20 ± 47,11 ms to 29,20 ± 20,92 ms with p = 0,005 and improvement in orienting function in mineral water group from 59,10 ± 36,71 ms to 36,80 ± 22,17 ms with p = 0,036. There was significant difference on alerting function after being rehydrated between sports drink and mineral water group with p = 0,025. Conclusion: Rehydration with sports drink improves alerting function and rehydration with mineral water improves orienting function. Rehydration with sports drink improves alerting function better than mineral water. Keywords: Rehydration, Sports Drink, Dehydration, Attention, Attention Network Tes

HUBUNGAN POLA MENONTON TELEVISI DENGAN GANGGUAN PEMUSATAN PERHATIAN DAN HIPERAKTIVITAS : Studi pada Anak Usia 3-6 Tahun di Semarang

Latar Belakang Gangguan Pemusatan Perhatian dan Hiperaktivitas (GPPH) merupakan gangguan perilaku yang paling sering terjadi pada anak, sehingga diperlukan deteksi dini anak dengan GPPH untuk mencegah terjadinya keterlambatan penanganan. GPPH ialah gangguan multifaktorial. Salah satu faktor lingkungan yang banyak mendapat perhatian ialah pola menonton televisi. Hampir setiap rumah memiliki televisi. Dampak negatif dari menonton televisi secara berlebihan pada usia dini antara lain ialah obesitas, kemampuan kognitif yang jelek, gangguan tidur, gangguan tingkah laku dan sosialisasi. Tujuan Membuktikan hubungan pola menonton televisi dengan GPPH pada anak usia 3-6 tahun. Metode Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan penelitian cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian ialah anak usia 3-6 tahun yang terdaftar di beberapa TPA/PAUD atau TK di Semarang. Subjek dipilih secara cluster sampling. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara kuesioner kepada orangtua/pengasuh responden. GPPH dinilai menggunakan kuesioner ACRS. Data dianalisa dengan uji Chi-Square/Fischer dengan signifikansi p<0,05 Hasil Jumlah sampel ialah 138 responden. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan 27 responden (19,6%) suspek GPPH. Dari seluruh responden yang merupakan suspek GPPH, terdapat 10 responden (37%) yang menonton televisi lebih dari dua jam, 11 responden (40,7%) memiliki onset menonton televisi 0-24 bulan, 26 responden (96,3%) menonton program selain edukasi, dan 8 responden (29,6%) tidak didampingi saat menonton televisi. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara durasi (p=0,406), onset (p=0,626), program (p=1,000), dan pendampingan saat menonton televisi (p=0,377) dengan GPPH pada anak usia 3-6 tahun. Kesimpulan Pola menonton televisi tidak memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan GPPH pada anak usia 3-6 tahun. Kata kunci: Pola menonton televisi, durasi, onset, program, pendampingan, GPPH, anak usia 3-6 tahu

Correlation Between VO2 Max, Speed, and Limb Muscle Explosive Power with Agility in Soccer Players

Background: Agility is one of football's most critical anaerobic capacities. One component is the ability to change direction. Players change direction (Change of direction speed / CODS) every 2-4 seconds. Agility is influenced by several things, including speed and limb muscle explosive power, and is related to aerobic capacity, namely VO2 Max (maximum oxygen consumption) in the Running economy aspect. It is necessary to research the relationship between VO2 Max, speed, and explosive power of limb muscles with agility in soccer playersObjective: Knowing correlation between VO2 Max, speed, and limb muscle explosive power with agility in soccer players.Methods: Twenty-seven male players (Diponegoro Muda PS Undip) were involved in this study (mean±SD; age 13.22 ± 0.18 years, weight 46.78 ±1.67 kg, height 158± 1.88 cm). This research is a correlational study using a cross-sectional design. Each player will be measured VO2 Max with the Multistage Fitness Test, speed with the 20-meter sprint test, the explosive power of the limb muscles with the surgent jump test, and agility (CODS) using the Illinois agility test. The hypothesis test used is Spearman's hypothesis test and linear regression test.Results: Spearman correlation test found a strong relationship between VO2 Max and agility (r=-0.743; p= <0.001), there was a moderate relationship between speed and agility (r=0.556; p== 0.003), there was a strong relationship between muscle explosive power limbs with agility (r=-0.766; p= <0.001), and the results of linear regression of variables VO2 Max, speed, limb muscle explosive power on agility showed a strong relationship (r=0.806; r2= 0.650; p=<0.001).Conclusion: Conclusions: VO2 Max correlates with agility; speed correlates with agility; limb muscle explosive power correlates with agility; and the variables of VO2 Max, speed, and limb muscle explosive power have a relationship with agility